Esports & Gaming
Counsel to teams, leagues, talent, publishers, and platforms, the business behind the play, where competitive gaming, media, and sponsorship intersect with the entertainment economy.
Explore the practice →Hart David Carson LLP is a global corporate and private-capital law boutique whose sports, media, and entertainment practice advises talent, owners, and the businesses behind them on intellectual property and rights, sponsorship-to-equity deals, media and content, and cross-border structuring, from a Chicago base with reach across London, Dubai, and a partner network on five continents. The work is the business behind the talent: intellectual property and rights, sponsorship-to-equity deals, media and content, and the cross-border structuring that carries a career, a catalog, or a franchise from where it is to where it's going. It comes by referral and is rarely discussed.
Firm facts · ReachA corporate and private-capital boutique with international reach: a principal office in Chicago, a second office in Oakbrook Terrace, offices in London and Dubai through partner firms, meeting locations by appointment in seven further US cities, and a partner network across ~51 jurisdictions on five continents. Founded 2013.
Equity granted to an athlete for promotional services is compensation. It is taxed at fair market value as it vests unless an 83(b) election is filed within 30 days of the grant, and the company issuing it needs a securities exemption, usually Rule 701, for the grant itself. Many sponsorship-to-equity deals are signed without either point being raised.
A songwriter who assigned a copyright after 1977 can terminate that grant 35 years later, on two to ten years' notice, and no contract can waive it. The right of publicity survives death for 50 years in Illinois, 70 in California, and 40 in New York. Since the NCAA's 2025 antitrust settlement took effect, a university may share revenue directly with its athletes under an annual cap, and third-party NIL deals of $600 or more are reported for review.
We act for talent, the companies around them, and the owners and investors buying into teams, leagues, and media businesses. Where a matter touches a regulator, we have represented clients in matters before the SEC, the CFTC, and the IRS. Client names and deal terms are not published.
Counsel to teams, leagues, talent, publishers, and platforms, the business behind the play, where competitive gaming, media, and sponsorship intersect with the entertainment economy.
Explore the practice →The transactional backbone of ventures, joint ventures, financings, and ownership stakes in teams, studios, and media platforms, structured so the deal holds long after the announcement.
Explore the practice →Counsel to the family offices, sponsors, and funds moving into sport, media, and entertainment on direct deals, club and franchise stakes, and the governance that keeps a position defensible.
Explore the practice →Where fan engagement, collectibles, tokens, and content platforms meet the rules, with our early counsel to the digital-asset category applied to media and entertainment ventures.
Explore the practice →High-stakes disputes, rights and contract conflicts, and the special situations where a reputation and a deal are on the line at once, handled with the discretion the sector requires.
Explore the practice →Coordinated counsel across the major sports and media markets and key holding-company jurisdictions, so a deal that spans borders does not stall at one.
See the network →Home market for leagues, studios, and the broadest commercial and rights infrastructure, and the regulatory and tax framework most talent and owners build on.
United States →A major global hub for sport, broadcast, and content, and a frequent base for international rights, club ownership, and media transactions.
United Kingdom →A fast-growing center for sport, events, and entertainment investment, and a gateway for capital moving into the sector across the Middle East.
United Arab Emirates →Trademark, copyright, name-image-and-likeness, and licensing strategy, protecting and commercializing the personal brand and content that carry most of the value.
Endorsement, sponsorship, and ambassador agreements, covering scope, exclusivity, morality and termination terms, and the structuring that keeps brand value durable.
If the venture is an LLC, the stake can be a profits interest, untaxed at grant under a 1993 IRS revenue procedure because it shares only in appreciation from that date. Whatever the vehicle, the grant needs vesting, information rights, and a tag-along, or it is a logo without an exit.
The corporate, financing, and governance work behind stakes in teams, leagues, studios, and platforms, including league and regulatory approvals and investor diligence.
Production, distribution, talent, and content-platform agreements, and the rights frameworks that govern how work is made, licensed, and monetized.
A foreign athlete's US income is subject to 30 percent withholding at source unless a treaty or a central withholding agreement with the IRS, sought months ahead, reduces it. Work authorization runs through the P-1A visa for internationally recognized athletes or the O-1 for extraordinary ability, and the consulate sets the timetable.
Before anything is signed, we map what the client actually controls, from name, image, and likeness to existing endorsement exclusivities, agency and league constraints, and union and governing-body rules, and where prior deals quietly encumbered them. Most sponsorship disputes trace back to a category exclusivity nobody re-read.
We convert the brand's offer into deal mechanics: cash versus equity or revenue share, category and territory carve-outs, morals and reverse-morals clauses, usage windows, and approval rights over creative. In sponsorship-to-equity deals, we pressure-test the cap table and vesting the same way we would for any private-capital investment.
The economics get a vehicle, often a loan-out or holding entity sized for the client's tax and asset-protection posture, and the long-form agreement locks in termination triggers, IP ownership of created content, and cross-border withholding where the counterparty or the athlete sits in another jurisdiction.
Rights deals stay alive long after signing, through renewal and matching-right windows, breach and morals events, transfers or team sales that change the counterparty, and exits from equity positions. One partner keeps the whole ledger, so a renegotiation three years in starts from the file rather than from memory.
The signature is the beginning of the deal, and the years after it are the work.
The business side of talent rather than the agent's side of it. We act for athletes, performers, and creators when an endorsement becomes equity, a catalog is sold, or a venture is formed; for the management companies and brands across the table; and for the owners and investors buying into teams, leagues, and media platforms. Where a certified agent holds the playing contract, we work alongside on everything that follows. Most matters arrive by referral from an agent, a family office, or a sponsor.
As a license of a property right, with the terms a license needs: category and territory, exclusivity and its price, and the usage window after the term ends. Approval rights over creative and a morals clause running in both directions complete it. Two rules reach every deal. The FTC's Endorsement Guides require that a paid relationship be disclosed where the endorsement appears, and the endorser can be liable as well as the brand. For college athletes, any third-party deal of $600 or more is reported to the clearinghouse the 2025 settlement created, and a deal found to be pay-for-play rather than fair-value endorsement can be blocked.
A deal in which the talent takes equity, royalties, or a share of revenue in place of a fee, and it matters because the talent becomes an investor and sometimes a promoter of securities. Promoting a company's shares, or a token the SEC treats as a security, without disclosing what you were paid violates Section 17(b) of the Securities Act, and the SEC has brought those cases against celebrities since 2018. On the company side, equity issued for services needs its own exemption, usually Rule 701, and the services agreement should state the value placed on the work, since that figure becomes the tax basis. We paper the services, the grant, and the shareholder rights as three documents that agree.
Yes. The league's constitution governs before any statute does. An ownership transfer typically needs a supermajority of existing owners, 24 of 32 in the NFL, and the leagues cap how much a fund may hold: the NFL first admitted private-equity funds in August 2024 at up to 10 percent of a club, while the NBA, MLB, and NHL allow larger institutional positions under their own limits. Debt against the franchise is capped too. We draft the investment to fit those rules, run the league approval alongside the diligence, and structure the holding entity for the eventual sale. Where a regulator is involved, we have represented clients in matters before the SEC, the CFTC, and the IRS.
Yes, and the tax follows the performance. The United Kingdom taxes a non-resident athlete on income from a UK appearance, including a share of worldwide endorsement income apportioned to the days spent there, a rule the House of Lords confirmed in 2006. A US performer paid by a foreign promoter is taxed at home on worldwide income and credits the foreign tax only up to the US rate on that income. Image-rights companies, loan-out entities, and residence planning are drawn with those rules in front of us, and we work with locally admitted counsel, including through our London and Dubai partner firms, where a filing is local.
Entirely, and not as a courtesy. Illinois Rule of Professional Conduct 1.6 treats information relating to a representation, including the fact of it, as confidential unless the client consents, so no client is named on this site and no deal is described. Where a counterparty wants publicity, the announcement is a negotiated term, with the client's approval of the text written into the agreement. Most of this work arrives by referral, which is how it stays quiet.
Venture, M&A, IP, and data counsel for the platforms and products that increasingly power media, content, and fan engagement.
Explore →The firm's frontier practice, with token, collectible, and content-platform strategy for ventures bridging entertainment and digital assets.
Explore →Funds, securities, and private-capital counsel for the investors and sponsors deploying capital into sport, media, and entertainment.
Explore →Reviewed by Jonathan D. Herpy, Sr., Senior Partner · Last updated October 2026 · Educational overview · Not legal advice
One partner is accountable for the whole matter, and you have that partner's direct line. Chicago, London, and Dubai work to the same standard.